Cybrary ForgeCYBRARY / FORGE
Unit 2 — Attacker steps
15 min

Techniques the range actually performs

Every technique below is executed by a Forge scenario against a machine you can open — not a reading list.

By the end you can

  • Recognize the techniques the range runs, by identifier.
  • Say what each leaves behind on the machine.
  • Find the artifact of a technique without being told where to look.

What each step leaves behind

A technique is only useful to a defender through its residue: a registry value, a unit file, a process ancestry, a burst of DNS queries. Learn the residue and the identifier follows.

TechniqueWhat the range does
T0814Inhibit response function · Denial of service (ICS) — The controller stops answering the HMI poll and the alarm queue fills.
T0822Initial access · External remote services (ICS) — The vendor account signs into the jump host in the plant DMZ.
T0831Impair process control · Manipulation of control (ICS) — A setpoint is written to the line 3 controller from an unexpected client.
T0842Discovery · Network sniffing (ICS) — The engineering workstation's interface goes promiscuous on the cell network.
T0865Initial access · Spearphishing attachment (ICS) — The vendor pretext gets the remote-support account enabled.
T1003.001Credential access · LSASS memory — Credentials are lifted from memory on the first host.
T1005Collection · Data from local system — Build secrets and deployment keys are gathered from the runner.
T1018Discovery · Remote system discovery — The session sweeps for anything answering on 3389 and 445.
T1021.001Lateral movement · Remote desktop protocol — The session hops to a second host over RDP while you build the playbook.
T1021.002Lateral movement · SMB/Windows admin shares — The cracked service account opens admin shares on a second host.
T1027Defense evasion · Obfuscated files or information — The payload is base64 in a registry value rather than a file on disk.
T1039Collection · Data from network shared drive — A finance folder that should have been restricted is copied wholesale.
T1041Exfiltration · Exfiltration over C2 channel — Finance documents leave in chunks over the same channel.
T1046Discovery · Network service discovery — The authorized tester sweeps the in-scope subnet during the window.
T1048Exfiltration · Exfiltration over alternative protocol — Files start leaving over an outbound channel the firewall still allows.
T1053.005Persistence · Scheduled task — A task named after a real update job re-runs the loader hourly.

Reading residue

Ask three questions of any suspicious artifact: what created it, what does it run, and what runs it next time the machine starts. On Windows those answers live in the event log, the registry and the task library; on Linux in the journal, the unit files and the user crontabs.

Check yourself

The fastest way to tell whether something survives a reboot is to check…

Hunt the persistence