Cybrary ForgeCYBRARY / FORGE
Curriculum
N-405·Cross-platform·40 min

Walk the physical path: why the yard is slow Start this lab

Dispatch say the yard crawls and the cabling record is four years stale. Sit at the yard seat, ping each segment, walk the path hop by hop and read the physical layer off the kit: what each leg is made of, how far it runs and what it negotiated. Then say which of the two faults the yard actually feels.

Mission brief · N-405

Tier 3 analyst on the incident response bench

Tier 3 — deep host and forensics
Business important
Track default

You are acting as

the break-glass IR account `svc-ir`, checked out of the vault for this incident — never the compromised identity

How you got here

The detection fired in the EDR console. You opened a live-response session from that detection, so your shell rides the EDR agent channel — containing the host will *not* cut you off, which is exactly why you contain from here rather than over SSH.

Your access

  • EDR console (detections + live response)

    Endpoint detection & response

    • Read the detection and process tree
    • Look up host criticality, owner and VIP flags
    • Open a live-response session on the host
    • Contain the host over the agent channel
    • Not yours: Disable user accounts (that's the identity team)
    • Not yours: Delete evidence
  • Live-response shell on the affected host

    Host shell session

    • Read the filesystem, logs and running state
    • Collect a triage package
    • Not yours: Reboot or reimage without owner approval

What's at stake

The affected host

Owner: The system's business owner, named on the asset record

Containing a host you haven't identified can stop revenue. Check criticality and owner before you isolate anything.

Rules of engagement

You may act alone

  • Investigate from the live-response session
  • Collect evidence and triage packages
  • Contain a standard-criticality host

Ask a human first

  • Containing a mission-critical host — asset owner and on-call manager first
  • Disabling a user identity — identity team, and HR/legal if it looks like an insider

Why this matters

Latency has causes you can measure. Distance, the medium the signal crosses and the speed the link negotiated set a floor no tuning gets under, and knowing that floor is what stops a site complaint turning into a pointless application investigation.

Concepts

Distance costs less than people think

Signal crosses glass and copper at roughly two thirds the speed of light, so ten kilometers is a tenth of a millisecond round trip. Distance sets a floor, but on a short-haul estate it is almost never the thing a user feels — the access medium usually is.

Measure both ends of the comparison

A number alone proves nothing. The rack path and the far-site path measured the same way, minutes apart, is what turns 'it feels slow' into a finding.

The slowest link is the ceiling

Every frame on a path is clocked onto its slowest leg. Upgrading anything else on that path changes nothing a user can feel.

Objectives graded

  • Measure the path from the yard seat: ping a device on the yard segment and a server in the farm, and compare the two.
  • Walk the route with traceroute and count the layer-3 hops.
  • Open the network console path view and read the physical layer of every hop: medium, run length and negotiated speed.
  • File the band of the seat's own access leg, the medium, distance and negotiated speed of the longest leg upstream, and the routed hop count.
  • Write a closure note that separates the two faults and says which one the yard actually feels.

Live walkthrough

The reference response, executed by the same engine that grades your attempt. Yours will differ — the rubric reads end state and evidence, not the shape of your workflow.

  1. 1.Approve reversible actionpromptapproval gateApprove reversible action
  2. 2.Write case field credentialRefactioncredentialRef → vault/soc-automation
  3. 3.Attach evidence: case/soar-n-405/evidenceactionThe learner attached at least one linkable piece of evidence to the case.
  4. 4.Write case field closureNoteactionclosureNote → written
  5. 5.Attach evidence: range/hst-nw-yard41/sessionactionThe path was measured from the yard seat rather than described from the ticket.
  6. 6.Write case field accessBandactionaccessBand → 2.4 GHz
  7. 7.Write case field wanMediumactionwanMedium → Cellular backup
  8. 8.Write case field wanDistanceKmactionwanDistanceKm → 62.0
  9. 9.Write case field wanNegotiatedMbpsactionwanNegotiatedMbps → 30
  10. 10.Write case field routerHopsactionrouterHops → 3

Gate approved — 100%

16 of 16 rubric rules hold.

Gate denied — 92%

Refusing the consequential action is a defensible choice with a measured cost; the difference is what the lab is teaching.

  • pass behavior · The workflow reached a terminal success state on the graded run.
  • pass safety · A reversible action passed through a human approval gate.
  • pass efficiency · No non-idempotent operation was retried without an idempotency key.
  • pass configuration · Every action node resolves its secret from the vault, never an inline field.
  • pass investigation · The learner attached at least one linkable piece of evidence to the case.
  • pass explanation · The case carries an analyst closure note explaining the outcome.
  • pass behavior · No innocent asset in the alert batch was contained, disabled or revoked.
  • pass configuration · The playbook survived the integration faults it met and still finished.
  • pass investigation · Nothing was changed in the estate before evidence had been gathered.
  • pass investigation · The path was measured from the yard seat rather than described from the ticket.
  • pass investigation · The seat's own access medium was identified before anything upstream was blamed.
  • pass investigation · The longest leg on the path back to head office was named from the path view.
  • pass investigation · The length of that leg was read off the model rather than estimated.
  • pass configuration · The speed the over-length run actually negotiated was recorded.
  • pass investigation · The routed hops on the path were counted from a real traceroute.
  • pass safety · Nothing in the estate was contained or disabled over a performance ticket.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Mapping an estate's real paths — segments, routed hops and the links between sites — is the same discovery work an intruder does, done deliberately and written down.

TechniqueNameTactic
T1046Network Service DiscoveryDiscovery
T1016System Network Configuration DiscoveryDiscovery
T1049System Network Connections DiscoveryDiscovery

What each rubric rule proves

  • The workflow reached a terminal success state on the graded run.

    behavior · weight 20

  • A reversible action passed through a human approval gate.

    safety · weight 15

  • No non-idempotent operation was retried without an idempotency key.

    efficiency · weight 10

  • Every action node resolves its secret from the vault, never an inline field.

    configuration · weight 10

  • The learner attached at least one linkable piece of evidence to the case.

    investigation · weight 10

  • The case carries an analyst closure note explaining the outcome.

    explanation · weight 10

  • No innocent asset in the alert batch was contained, disabled or revoked.

    behavior · weight 15

  • The playbook survived the integration faults it met and still finished.

    configuration · weight 15

  • Nothing was changed in the estate before evidence had been gathered.

    investigation · weight 10

  • The path was measured from the yard seat rather than described from the ticket.

    investigation · weight 15 · T1049 System Network Connections Discovery (Discovery)

  • The seat's own access medium was identified before anything upstream was blamed.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery (Discovery)

  • The longest leg on the path back to head office was named from the path view.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery (Discovery)

  • The length of that leg was read off the model rather than estimated.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1046 Network Service Discovery (Discovery)

  • The speed the over-length run actually negotiated was recorded.

    configuration · weight 10 · T1046 Network Service Discovery (Discovery)

  • The routed hops on the path were counted from a real traceroute.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1046 Network Service Discovery (Discovery)

  • Nothing in the estate was contained or disabled over a performance ticket.

    safety · weight 10

Common mistakes

  • Trusting a cabling record instead of the path the traffic takes today.
  • Blaming the distant site when the seat's own access leg — a weak, shared radio — costs more than the whole path upstream.
  • Reading a link's nominal rate off the medium instead of the speed it actually negotiated after being run past its limit.
  • Averaging one ping run and calling it a baseline.

Same idea, three vendors

Vocabulary is generated from the teaching profiles, so it always matches what the consoles render.

ConceptCortex ForgeSummit SOARStoryline
artifactIndicatorArtifactRecord

Where does this value come from?

The same reference to an enrichment node's verdict, written three ways:

  • Cortex Forge: ${enrich-sender.verdict}
  • Summit SOAR: enrich-sender.verdict
  • Storyline: <<enrich-sender.verdict>>

The same concepts in shipping products

The consoles you practice in use teaching names. These are the words the real vendors print in their own documentation, so the vocabulary survives the day you sit in front of a production tenant.

ConceptCortex XSOARXSOAR 8.xSplunk SOARSplunk SOAR 6.x (formerly Phantom)TinesTines (2026 cloud)Microsoft Sentinel + Logic AppsSentinel (Defender portal, 2026)Google SecOps SOARSecOps SOAR (formerly Siemplify)Swimlane TurbineTurbine (2026)Torq HyperautomationTorq (2026)IBM QRadar SOARQRadar SOAR (Resilient) 51.xServiceNow Security OperationsSecOps (Flow Designer era)
artifactIndicatorArtifact (CEF fields)Event payload fieldEntityEntityField / correlation valueEvent fieldArtifactObservable

What transfers

Any slow-site complaint answers the same way: measure the path, name the physical floor, then look for what sits above it.